Mass movement, bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes in. Physical weathering any process that causes a rock to crack or break into pieces without changing it 2. Gradation processes weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation and deposition geomorphic processes. Mass wasting is more prone on slopes that contain clay and shale. Mass wasting occurs both on land and beneath the sea. Weathering is the break down of rocks into smaller components by atmospheric and biotic agents mass wasting is the relatively shortdistance downslope movement of broken rock material due to gravity erosion is more extensive and involves more long distance.
Avalanche frost wedging rockslide carbonation hydrolysis root wedging chemical weathering landslide salt crystal growth debris flow mass wasting. Jul 28, 2015 powerpoint as a starting point for notes over weathering, erosion, and mass wasting. Mass wasting can be hazardous and often results in the loss of life and property. Weathering is the breaking apart of rock material while mass wasting is the broken rock material moving down slopes in large volumes due to gravity. Mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by external conditions, such as. These factors affecting slope conditions will often combine with climatic. The features are shown in a map view and a crosssection view in fig. Deposition sediment is laid down in new locations weathering, erosion, and deposition work together in. Weathering and mass wasting free download as powerpoint presentation. Mass wasting is the down slope movement of rock debris under the pull of gravity without a transporting medium.
The impact of weathering and mass wasting on the landscape external processes are capable of wearing down anything internal forces can build. Additionally, weathering also contributes to the formation of soil by providing mineral particles like sand, silt, and clay. Weathering is the process that changes solid rock into sediments. Ppt weathering, mass wasting, and erosion powerpoint. Weathering, mass wasting, and erosion 1 weathering, mass wasting, and erosion in previous chapters we discussed the internal processes that create relief. Weathering, mass wasting, and the landscape by benedik oliino. All mass movement happens on slopes after all, by definition, gravity has to be involved.
Landslides, mudflows and rockfalls, all belong to this category of geomorphic processes. Hence, products of weathering are a major source of sediments for both erosion and deposition. General processes of denudation, weathering and mass wasting are. Definition weathering agents of weathering factors that influence weathering types of weathering significance of weathering mass wasting factors influ.
A rockslide or landslide is a common example of mass wasting. Erosion is the removal of sediments by natural processes e. This class exercise is an opportunity for students to apply textbook information about weathering and mass wasting to local and nationallyrecognized surface features, such as stone mountain ga, half dome ca, and others. Another factor that determines mass wasting is the slopes materia. Weathering, mass wasting, and the landscape weathering and mass wasting typically determined by the properties of the rocks and the local climate factors slow weathering of resistant rocks leaves steeps slopes rapid weathering of weak rocks produces gentle slopes weathering proceeds rapidly in warm, humid climates rocks in arid and cold. Define and describe the processes of weathering and erosion, including examples of negative and beneficial effects of these processes. Mass wasting or mass movement is the movement of a large mass of rock, soil and debris downward due to the pull of gravity. The two forms of weathering, mechanical and chemical, are investigated in detail including the types, conditions, rates, and net effect of each. Weathering proceeds rapidly in warm, humid climates where heat and moisture accelerate the reactions that cause minerals and rocks to decompose chemically. Unit 2 test weathering erosion mass wasting multiple choice 1 mark each 1 soil creep is an example of. The research areas of our faculty members, as well as their current and recent research projects, are listed below. Mass wasting is more common in loose or poorly consolidated material than in bedrock in areas of high temperature and precipitation, weathering is deeper and produces tens of meters of unconsolidated material.
Much of the surface landscape is controlled by stream erosion, evident to anyone looking out of an airplane window. This type of weathering occurs in areas where the temperature fluctuates around zero degrees celsius. Weathering, soil, erosion, and mass movement unit plan unit. Mass wasting can be defined as the spontaneous downhill movement of soil, regolith and rock under the influence of gravity this implies it will normally occur on a slope where loose unconsolidated material becomes unstable slope material regolith is the layer of. Mass wasting or mass movement is downward movement of soil, regolith and or bedrock under the influence of gravity. That includes all earth materials, rock and regolith. Unloading pressure release mechanism rocks are formed under high pressure at great depths. Yakima, in central washington by combining slope classes with lithology to produce a. Weathering is distinguished from erosion by the fact that the latter usually includes the transportation of the disintegrated rock and soil away from the site of the degradation.
Salt weathering is normally associated with arid climates where strong heating causes strong evaporation and crystallisation. These forces, though often miniscule, act over time to inexorably wear away at the. A rockslide or landslide is a common example of mass wasting, as a large quantity of loose rock or soil rolls or slides down a slope. Mechanical weathering is the physical breaking up of rocks into smaller pieces. Introducing physical geography 6th edition pdf download. Weathering, soil, and mass wasting after reading and studying ch. Key terms you should know and understand the following terms. Mass wasting may also cause physical weathering by causing rocks to shatter on hitting the ground or rub against each other while rolling and sliding. Weathering and erosion weathering includes several physical and chemical processes that alter surface and nearsurface rocks and minerals, whereas erosion involves the removal of weathered materials, by running water or blowing wind, for example, from the area where weathering occurred. Introduction mass wasting the downslope movement of.
Check your knowledge of the types of mass wasting and erosion with an interactive quiz and printable worksheet. Weathering the disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface mass wasting the transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity erosion the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice. Chapter 4 weathering and soil pages 84102 earth science, 11e edward j. Weathering and mass wasting read pages 255 274 of planet earth. Chapter, w eathering and mass wasting, sorts weathering processes more specifically in this edition, according to their physical and chemical nature, and presents types of mass wasting organized by substrate moisture dry to wet and speed of action fast to slow. This is one of the central concepts of this course. Research geological sciences department california state. Masswasting is a unique geomorphological process destabilizing the surface rocks and soil mass. Chemical weathering actu ally alters a rocks chemistry, changing it into different substances. Weathering, erosion, and deposition weathering weathering the breakdown of rocks into soil types of weathering. Chapter 4 weathering and soil western oregon university. Weathering and mass wasting are controlled by the nature of the material and the conditions in which the material is exposed e. Mass movement, also called mass wasting, bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes in response to the pull of gravity, or the rapid or gradual sinking of the earths ground surface in a predominantly vertical direction.
Weathering, mass wasting west virginia geological and economic. Soil creep is the gradual downhill movement of particles as they are rearranged by wetting and drying, freezing and thawing and other processes. Alluvial fans merge to form a continuous feature called bajada or. Weathering weathering soil and mass wasting begins with a. And, can you mentally image how weathering, mass wasting, and erosion would. World geography concepts of geography, natural resources.
Pdf slope processes, mass movement and soil erosion. Mass wasting is a specific type of erosion that is caused by gravity. This downward movement is called as mass movement or masswasting. Weathering, soil, erosion, and mass movement unit plan unit plan.
With weathering, rock is disintegrated into smaller pieces. Information on these locations, dimensions, and key characteristics of the features are presented in table 4, and shown in photographs in fig. Mass wasting is the spontaneous downhill movement of soil, regolith and rock under the influence of gravity. Process such as weathering, mass wasting, or erosion that is powered by the sun and transforms solid rock into sediment. It could be rapid snowmelt, intense rainfall, earthquake shaking, volcanic eruption, storm waves, rapidstream erosion, or human activities, such as grading a new road. Mass movement is the movement of weathered material down a. A search of the document itself finds only three standards related to weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and landscape change.
Mass wasting is the mass movement of unconsolidated soil, sand, rocks, regolith the layer of unconsolidated solid material covering the bedrock of a planet, etc. Denudation lowering of the surface of the continents. Chemical weathering any process that causes rocks to breakdown by chemical action results in a change in composition. Mass wasting, which is sometimes called mass movement or slope movement, is defined as the large movement of rock, soil and debris downward due to the force of gravity. Directly is the key word because any change in mass will produce a similar change in gravitational force. Weathering disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near the surface of the earth, fragmenting rock. Although we will consider these two chapter 3 weathering, soil, and mass wasting. In this chapter we discuss the external forces at work on the landscape. Formerly, the term mass wasting referred to a variety of processes by. Mass movement works to break down slopes and provide material for erosion, transportation and deposition. During the weathering process the translocation of disintegrated or altered material occurs within the immediate vicinity of the rock exposure, but the rock mass remains in situ. Subaqueous mass movements mass wasting processes also occur on steep slopes in the ocean basins. Click the link below to download the full geography form 3 notes pdf document, with all the.
This form of mass wasting is so slow that it cannot be observed with the naked eye. Start studying topic 7 weathering and mass wasting. Physical processes which create and modify landforms on the surface of the earth endogenous endogenic vs. Sep 27, 2011 weathering, erosion, and mass wasting slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Weathering, masswasting, and other aspects of erosion constitute a continuum of interacting processes. Types of mass wasting processes defined by the movement of the material the character of the movement fall slide flow types of mass wasting processes defined by the movement of the material the rate of the movement fast slow forms of mass wasting slump rockslide debris flow earth flow creep solifluction. Weathering factors earthquakes mass wasting earths surface weathering process pollution flooding volcanic activity glaciers types of rocks weathering rates sediment deposit gravitational force process transport deposition as a constructive process weathering gravity catastrophic events mass wasting landforms topographic maps. What is the difference between weathering and mass wasting. Mass wasting is the downslope translation of weathered and bedrock materials under the influence of gravity.
Mass wasting is the downslope translation of weathered and bedrock. Tectonics, local geology, and weathering intensity all contribute to the generation of. Fall a type of movement common to mass wasting processes that refers to the free falling of detached individual pieces of any size. Chemical weathering is the other important type of weathering. Mass wasting results when the force of gravity acting parallel to a slope exceeds the strength of that slope. Regolith and soil are more susceptible to mass wasting than bedrock. Weathering wears down rocks and other substances on the earths surface. This form of weathering is often responsible for the formation of caves in limestone areas. This means that the force of gravity is directly related to the mass of the bodies. A slope failure can occur due to overaccumulation of sediment on slope or in a submarine canyon, or could occur as a result of a shock like an earthquake. Chapter denudation, weathering and mass wasting routledge. Gravity pulls rocks, soils and debris on a downward slope naturally without any chemical change. Rock falls occur when loose rock splits off of high cliffs.
Weathering and mass wasting weathering sedimentary rock. For example, an increase in mass increases the force of gravitational attraction. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Topic 7 weathering and mass wasting flashcards quizlet. Weathering is generally a long, slow process that is continuously active at the earths surface. Endogenous processes endogenous processes are largescale landform building and. Weathering and mass wasting partial test bank the breakup of existing surface and near surface material is.
Gravity mass wasting transfer of surficial material downslope under the. Increased water content within the slope is the most common mass wasting. The harder layers of rock in canyonlands national park in eastern utah resist weathering and erosion better than the softe r ones do, but even they eventually are eroded by mass wasting. Sedimentary rocks are made of sediments that have once been weathered, eroded, transported, and eventually deposited in basins. Mass wasting in the yakima river canyon, washington. Explain the difference between weathering and mass wasting. Matthew becker, conrey endowed chair, hydrogeology. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and landscape change.
Deep mantles of soil and regolith, and rounded forms subject to creep, dominate these regions. Mass wasting is the transfer or movement of rock or soil down slope primarily by gravity. Mass wasting erosion features exceeding 50 m 2 in a map view were observed in sandstone bedrock at four locations along the coast at tusan. Mass wasting spontaneous gravitational movements what is mass wasting. Mass wasting is the downslope movement of masses of earth materials. Study 62 18 weathering, erosion, and mass wasting flashcards from kelsey. What happens to the speed of a glacier or other slow moving examples of mass wasting when it moves down a slope do. Although mass wasting is a natural pr ocess its incidence and impact may. The degradation of the earths surface by natural processes involving agents is best called. Sep 06, 2017 this feature is not available right now. To introduce students to the weathering processes that shape our world and allow students to make connections between these weathering process and those we see on a day to day basis. It occurs when soil or rocks are carried away, not by wind or water, but by falling or sliding downwards.
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